【新闻】澳洲野火是气候变化引起的吗？ | Climate Change | Aus Bushfires

根据悉尼大学教授兼生物多样性专家克里斯·迪克曼（Chris Dickman）的说法，自大火于2019年9月开始以来，估计有10亿只动物被澳大利亚致命的丛林大火杀死。

An estimated 1 billion animals have been killed by the deadly bushfires in Australia since the fires began in September 2019, according to the University of Sydney professor and biodiversity expert Chris Dickman. 

悉尼大学发表的声明说，其中许多动物被大火直接杀死，其他人则因缺乏食物和住所以及引入捕食者（例如野猫和赤狐）而屈服。“这个数字包括哺乳动物，鸟类和爬行动物，不包括昆虫，蝙蝠或青蛙，”悉尼大学说。“动物生命的真正损失可能远远超过10亿。

A statement released by the University of Sydney says that many of these animals have been killed directly by fires, while others have succumbed later because of the lack of food and shelter and the introduction of predators such as feral cats and red foxes. “The figure includes mammals, birds, and reptiles and does not include insects, bats, or frogs,” the University of Sydney stated. “The true loss of animal life is likely to be much higher than 1 billion. 

迄今为止，澳大利亚的大火烧毁了超过1200万英亩，面积相当于佛蒙特州和新罕布什尔州的总和-并且被认为是有史以来最严重的野火。

Australia’s fires have so far burned more than 12 million acres—an area approximately the size of Vermont and New Hampshire combined—and are being considered the worst wildfires in its history.

“一般来说，我们很难将气候变化的影响归因于一个特定的事件，尤其是在这个事件正在发生的时候，”森林火灾和自然灾害合作研究中心的首席执行官Richard Thornton博士说。

"We find it very difficult in general to attribute climate change impacts to a specific event, particularly while the event is running," said Dr. Richard Thornton, chief executive of the Bushfires & Natural Hazards Co-operative Research Centre.

“但我们知道的是，澳大利亚现在的平均温度比长期平均温度高1摄氏度左右。”他补充说，火灾季节开始得更早，许多地区的“累积火灾危险”正在增加。

"But what we do know is that the average temperature in Australia now is running about 1C above the long-term average." He added fire seasons were starting earlier and "the cumulative fire danger" in many areas was growing.

悉尼大学的生态学家格Glenda Wardle教授对此表示赞同:“并非所有天气事件都是气候变化的直接结果。但当你看到趋势……不可否认，这与全球气候变化有关。”

Prof Glenda Wardle, an ecologist from the University of Sydney, agreed: "It's not every weather event that is the direct result of climate change. But when you see trends... it becomes undeniably linked to global climate change."

根据世界气象组织(WMO)的数据，与工业化普及前相比，现在全球气温上升了近一度。2018年前10个月的全球平均气温比1850-1900年的水平高出0.98摄氏度。

The world is now nearly one degree warmer than it was before widespread industrialization, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The global average temperature for the first 10 months of 2018 was 0.98C above the levels of 1850-1900.

世界气象组织称，有记录以来最热的20年都是在过去的22年里，其中2015-2018年是前四名。如果这一趋势继续下去，到2100年气温可能上升3-5摄氏度。

The 20 warmest years on record have been in the past 22 years, with 2015-2018 making up the top four, the WMO says. If this trend continues, temperatures may rise by 3-5C by 2100.

最近发表在《科学》(Science)杂志上的一项研究强调，生产同一种食品对环境的影响存在巨大差异。例如，在森林被砍伐的土地上饲养的肉牛产生的温室气体排放量是在天然牧场上饲养的肉牛的12倍。

A recent study published in the journal Science highlighted a massive variation in the environmental impact of producing the same food. For example, beef cattle raised on deforested land produces 12 times more greenhouse gas emissions than those reared on natural pastures.

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC) 表示，我们需要：少买肉、牛奶、奶酪和黄油；多吃一些当地的应季食物同时避免浪费。根据最近的研究，减少你对地球环境影响的一个最大的方法是改变你的饮食，少吃肉类。

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says we need to: buy less meat, milk, cheese, and butter; eat more locally sourced seasonal food - and throw less of it away······The single biggest way to reduce your environmental impact on the planet is to modify your diet to include less meat - according to recent studies.

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